96 Tests PN: B117332
Components:
45x Ab-conjugated beads (S4P8 - Human Granzyme B Ab-bead). PN: A117332A. One vial containing 100 µL of anti-Human Granzyme B conjugated to AimPlex Bead S4P8.
25x Biotin-detection (Granzyme B Biotin-dAb). PN: A117332B. One vial containing 100 µL of biotinylated anti-Human Granzyme B.
Lyophilized Standard Mix-Human Group 8, Panel B, 11-Plex. PN: HG82011. One vial containing lyophilized recombinant Cystatin C, FGF-1, FGF-19, Flt-3L, GDF-15, Granzyme B, NGAL, PAPP-A, SLPI, RAGE, and ST2. Note: If multiple analyte kits on the above target list are ordered as a panel, only one vial of standard mix is supplied for those analyte kits.
Application: Optimal antibody pair and antigen standard for assaying human Human Granzyme B/GZMB/CTL1. Can be multiplexed with other analytes in Human Group 8. To be used in conjunction with the AimPlex NR Basic Kit (PN: P100001) and a diluent kit. Refer to the AimPlex Multiplex Immunoassay User Manual and kit inserts for the assay procedure.
Storage: 2-8 C in the dark.
Important: Sodium azide forms explosive compounds with heavy metals. These products contain <0.05% (w/w) azide which with repeated contact with lead and copper commonly found in plumbing drains may result in the buildup of shock sensitive compounds. Dispose in accordance with regulations from your institute.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.
Assay Specifications:
Sample types: Cell culture supernatant, serum, plasma, bodily fluid and tissue/cell lysate
Sensitivity (LOD): < 10 pg/mL
Quantitation range:
LLOQ: < 20 pg/mL
ULOQ: > 5,000 pg/mL
Standard dose recovery: 70-130%
Intra-assay CV: < 10%
Inter-assay CV: < 20%
Cross-reactivity of analytes in Human Group 8: Negligible
Sample volume: 15 µL/test
Description:
Granzyme B (GZMB or CTL1) is a serine protease most commonly found in the granules of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs), natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T cells. It is secreted by these cells along with the pore forming protein perforin to mediate apoptosis in target cells. It has been found to be produced by a wide range of non-cytotoxic cells ranging from basophils and mast cells to smooth muscle cells. Granzyme B has shown to be involved in inducing inflammation by stimulating cytokine release and is also involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. Elevated levels of Granzyme B are also implicated in a number of autoimmune diseases, several skin diseases, and type 1 diabetes. Granzyme B release with perforin from CD8 T cells can cause heart and kidney transplant rejection through killing of allogeneic endothelial cells. The destruction of insulin producing β cells in pancreatic islets is mediated by T cells and Granzyme B contributing to Type 1 Diabetes. Granzyme B can also mediate the death of cells after spinal cord injury and is found at elevated levels in rheumatoid arthritis. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease has been attributed to Granzyme B secreted from NK and T cells causing the apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells. Matrix destabilization and remodeling by Granzyme B is also linked to asthma pathogenesis. Diseases associated with GZMB include peripheral T-cell lymphoma and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma.
References:
Afonina IS (2010). "Cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic roles of the CTL/NK protease granzyme B". Immunol. Rev. 235 (1): 105–16. doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2010.00908.x. PMID 20536558.
Rousalova I (2010). "Granzyme B-induced apoptosis in cancer cells and its regulation (review)". Int. J. Oncol. 37 (6): 1361–78. doi:10.3892/ijo_00000788. PMID 21042704.
Kurschus FC (2010). "Delivery and therapeutic potential of human granzyme B". Immunol. Rev. 235 (1): 159–71. doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2010.00894.x. PMID 20536562.
Wowk ME (2004). "Cytotoxic activity of the lymphocyte toxin granzyme B". Microbes Infect. 6 (8): 752–8. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2004.03.008. PMID 15207822.