96 Tests PN: A111158

32 Tests PN: A111158T

Components:

45x Ab-conjugated beads (S4P4 - human IL-21 Ab-bead).

  • 96 Tests PN: A111158A. One vial containing 100 µL of anti-human IL-21 conjugated to AimPlex Bead S4P4.

  • 32 Tests PN: A111158TA. One vial containing 35 µL of anti-human IL-21 conjugated to AimPlex Bead S4P4.

25x Biotin-detection Ab (human IL-21 Biotin-dAb).

  • 96 Tests PN: A111158B. One vial containing 100 µL of biotinylated anti-human IL-21.

  • 32 Tests PN: A111158TB. One vial containing 35 µL of biotinylated anti-human IL-21.

Lyophilized Standard Mix-Human Group 2 Panel B, 10-Plex.

  • 96 & 32 Tests PN: HG20010. One vial containing lyophilized recombinant human IL-17F, IL-20, IL-21, IL-28A, IL-29, IL-33, M-CSF, MPO, TSLP, and VEGF-A. Note: If multiple analyte kits on the above target list are ordered as a panel, only one vial of standard mix is supplied for those analyte kits. 

Application: Optimal antibody pair and antigen standard for assaying human IL-21.  Can be multiplexed with other analytes in Human Group 2.  To be used in conjunction with the AimPlex NR Basic Kit (96 Tests PN: P100001, 32 Tests PN: P100001T) and a diluent kit. Refer to the AimPlex Multiplex Immunoassay User Manual and kit inserts for the assay procedure.

Storage:  2-8 C in the dark.

Important: Sodium azide forms explosive compounds with heavy metals. These products contain <0.05% (w/w) azide which with repeated contact with lead and copper commonly found in plumbing drains may result in the buildup of shock sensitive compounds. Dispose in accordance with regulations from your institute.

For Research Use Only.  Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

Assay Specifications:

  • Sample types: Cell culture supernatant, serum, plasma, bodily fluid and tissue/cell lysate

  • Sensitivity (LOD): < 5 pg/mL

  • Quantitation range:

  • LLOQ: < 10 pg/mL

  • ULOQ: > 5,000 pg/mL

  • Standard dose recovery: 70-130%

  • Intra-assay CV: < 10%

  • Inter-assay CV: < 20%

  • Cross-reactivity of analytes in Human Group 2: Negligible

  • Sample volume: 15 µL/test

Description:

Interleukin 21 (Accession Q9HBE4) is produced by NK and CD4+ cells. It’s role in the Il-10-IL-21-STAT3 pathway has been identified as being integral for CD8+ T cell memory, crucial for long-term immunity. IL-21 operates within the innate and adaptive immune systems and has roles in antiviral and anti-tumor responses for solid tumors. However, it also promotes the development of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases tend to have an overproduction of IL-21, though its involvement in the disease is currently unknown. IL-21 also promotes systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and psoriasis. IL-21 inhibitor therapy trials are underway.

References:

  1. Cui W et al. An Interleukin-21-Interleukin-10-STAT3 Pathway is Critical for Functional Maturation of Memory CD8+ T Cells. Immunity. 2011; 35(5): 792-805. Doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.09.017.

  2. Fina D, et al. Regulation of Gut Inflammation and Th17 Cell Response by Interleukin-21. Gastroenterology. 2008; 134(4): 1038-1048. Doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.01.041. 

  3. Spolski R, Leonard WJ. Interleukin-21: Basic Biology and Implications for Cancer and Autoimmunity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2007; 26: 57-79. Doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090316.

  4. Spolski R, Leonard WJ. Interleukin-21: a double-edged sword with therapeutic potential. Nature. 2014; 13 (379). Doi: 10.1038/nrd4296.