96 Tests PN: B117686

Components:

1x Ab-conjugated beads (S4P6 - Human TWEAK Ab-bead). PN: B115609A. One vial containing 100 µL of anti-human TWEAK conjugated to AimPlex Bead S4P6.

2x Biotin-detection Ab (Human LL-37 Biotin-dAb). PN: B117686B. One vial containing 100 µL of biotinylated anti-human LL-37.

Lyophilized Standard Mix - Human LL-37. PN: B117686S. One vial containing lyophilized LL-37.

Application: Optimal antibody pair and antigen standard for assaying human LL-37/hCAP18/hFALL39. To be used in conjunction with the AimPlex NR Basic Kit (PN: P100001) and a diluent kit. Refer to the AimPlex Multiplex Immunoassay User Manual and kit inserts for the assay procedure.

Storage:  2-8 C in the dark.

Important: Sodium azide forms explosive compounds with heavy metals. These products contain <0.05% (w/w) azide which with repeated contact with lead and copper commonly found in plumbing drains may result in the buildup of shock sensitive compounds. Dispose in accordance with regulations from your institute.

For Research Use Only.  Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

Assay Specifications:

  • Sample types: Cell culture supernatant, serum, plasma, bodily fluid and tissue/cell lysate

  • Sensitivity (LOD): < 250 pg/mL

  • Quantitation range:

  • LLOQ: <500 pg/mL

  • ULOQ: > 500,000 pg/mL

  • Standard dose recovery: 70-130%

  • Intra-assay CV: < 10%

  • Inter-assay CV: < 20%

  • Sample volume: 15 µL/test

Description:

LL-37, also known as hCAP18 and FALL39, is the C-terminal part of the only human cathelicidin identified to date called human cationic antimicrobial protein (hCAP). LL-37 exhibits a variety of immunomodulatory functions such as bactericidal action, chemotaxis, activation of chemokine secretion and antisepsis effect. Cathelicidins serve a critical role in mammalian innate immune defense against invasive bacterial infection. The cathelicidin family of peptides is classified as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The AMP family also includes the defensins. Cathelicidins were originally found in neutrophils but have since been found in many other cells including epithelial cells and macrophages after activation by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or the hormone 1,25-D, which is the hormonally active form of vitamin D. Patients with rosacea have elevated levels of cathelicidin and elevated levels of stratum corneum tryptic enzymes (SCTEs). Excessive production of LL-37 is suspected to be a contributing cause in all subtypes of Rosacea.

References:

  1. Zanetti M (Jan 2004). "Cathelicidins, multifunctional peptides of the innate immunity". Journal of Leukocyte Biology 75 (1): 39–48. doi:10.1189/jlb.0403147. PMID 12960280.

  2. Liu PT, Stenger S, Li H, Wenzel L, Tan BH, Krutzik SR, Ochoa MT, Schauber J, Wu K, Meinken C, Kamen DL, Wagner M, Bals R, Steinmeyer A, Zügel U, Gallo RL, Eisenberg D, Hewison M, Hollis BW, Adams JS, Bloom BR, Modlin RL (Mar 2006). "Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response". Science (New York, N.Y.) 311 (5768): 1770–3. doi:10.1126/science.1123933. PMID 16497887.

  3. Gennaro R, Zanetti M (2000). "Structural features and biological activities of the cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptides". Biopolymers 55 (1): 31–49. doi:10.1002/1097-0282(2000)55:1<31::AID-BIP40>3.0.CO;2-9. PMID 10931440.Yamasaki K, Di Nardo A, Bardan A, Murakami M, Ohtake T, Coda A, Dorschner RA, Bonnart C, Descargues P, Hovnanian A, Morhenn VB, Gallo RL (Aug 2007). "Increased serine protease activity and cathelicidin promotes skin inflammation in rosacea". Nature Medicine 13 (8): 975–80. doi:10.1038/nm1616. PMID 17676051.