96 Tests PN: B117692

Components:

45x Ab-conjugated beads (S4P8- Human SAA Ab-bead). PN: B117692A. One vial containing 100 µL of anti-human SAA conjugated to AimPlex Bead S4P8.

25x Biotin-detection Ab (Human SAA Biotin-dAb). PN: B117692B. One vial containing 100 µL of biotinylated anti- Human SAA.

Lyophilized Standard Mix - Human SAA. PN: B117692S. One vial containing lyophilized SAA.

Application: Optimal antibody pair and antigen standard for assaying human SAA. To be used in conjunction with the AimPlex NR Basic Kit (PN: P100001) and a diluent kit. Refer to the AimPlex Multiplex Immunoassay User Manual and kit inserts for the assay procedure.

Note: Some specimens may contain high levels of SAA. Pre-diluting normal serum and plasma samples 1,500 folds with the Sample Dilution Buffer (PN: P830100) is recommended for the SAA assay. Dilution factors should be optimized according to specific experimental conditions and sample types.

Storage:  2-8 C in the dark.

Important: Sodium azide forms explosive compounds with heavy metals. These products contain <0.05% (w/w) azide which with repeated contact with lead and copper commonly found in plumbing drains may result in the buildup of shock sensitive compounds. Dispose in accordance with regulations from your institute.

For Research Use Only.  Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

Assay Specifications:

  • Sample types: Cell culture supernatant, serum, plasma, bodily fluid and tissue/cell lysate

  • Sensitivity (LOD): < 50 pg/mL

  • Quantitation range:

  • LLOQ: < 100 pg/mL

  • ULOQ: > 30,000 pg/mL

  • Standard dose recovery: 70-130%

  • Intra-assay CV: < 10%

  • Inter-assay CV: < 20%

  • Sample volume: 15 µL/test

Description:

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a highly conserved, acute-phase protein synthesized by the liver. After secretion into the circulation, it associates with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. During acute inflammation, serum SAA levels may rise up to 1000-fold, and under these conditions, SAA displaces apolipoprotein A-I from HDL, becoming the major apolipoprotein of circulating HDL3. SAA exhibits significant immunological activity by inducing the synthesis of several cytokines and by being chemotactic for neutrophils and mast cells. It exerts many of its immunological activities by binding and activating cell-surface receptors, including Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4, formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1), class B scavenger receptor CD36, and the ATP receptor P2X7. SAA is one potential target in the treatment of diseases associated with chronic inflammation. It has been suggested that SAA levels correlate better with disease activity in early inflammatory joint disease than do ESR and CRP.

References:

  1. Uhlar CM, Whitehead AS (October 1999). "Serum amyloid A, the major vertebrate acute-phase reactant". European Journal of Biochemistry. 265 (2): 501–23. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00657.x. PMID 10504381

  2. Eklund KK, Niemi K, Kovanen PT (2012). “Immune functions of serum amyloid A”. Crit Rev Immunol. 32:335–348. doi: 10.1615/CritRevImmunol.v32.i4.40.

  3. Zewinger S, et al (2015). “Serum amyloid A: high-density lipoproteins interaction and cardiovascular risk”. Eur Heart J. 36:3007–3016.

  4. Betts JC, Edbrooke MR, Thakker RV, Woo P (October 1991). "The human acute-phase serum amyloid A gene family: structure, evolution and expression in hepatoma cells". Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. 34 (4): 471–82. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1991.tb01570.x. PMID 1656519