96 Tests PN: B211225

Components:

45x Ab-conjugated beads (S5P11 - mouse Granzyme B/GZYMB/CTLA1 ab-bead). PN: B211225A. One vial containing 100 µL of anti-mouse Granzyme B/GZYMB/CTLA1 conjugated to AimPlex Bead S5P11.

25x Biotin-detection Ab (Mouse Granzyme B/GZYMB/CTLA1 Biotin-dAb). PN: B211225B. One vial containing 100 µL of biotinylated anti-mouse Granzyme B/GZYMB/CTLA1.

Lyophilized Standard - Mouse Granzyme B/GZYMB/CTLA1. PN: B211225S. One vial containing lyophilized recombinant mouse Granzyme B/GZYMB/CTLA1.  

Application: Optimal antibody pair and antigen standard for assaying mouse Granzyme B/GZYMB/CTLA1. To be used in conjunction with the AimPlex Mouse/Rat Basic Kit (PN: P200201) and a diluent kit. Refer to the AimPlex Multiplex Immunoassay User Manual and kit inserts for the assay procedure.

Storage:  2-8 C in the dark.

Important: Sodium azide forms explosive compounds with heavy metals. These products contain <0.05% (w/w) azide which with repeated contact with lead and copper commonly found in plumbing drains may result in the buildup of shock sensitive compounds. Dispose in accordance with regulations from your institute.

For Research Use Only.  Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

Assay Specifications:

  • Sample types: Cell culture supernatant, platelet-poor plasma, bodily fluid and tissue/cell lysate

  • Sensitivity (LOD): < 20 pg/mL

  • Quantitation range:

  • LLOQ: < 50 pg/mL

  • ULOQ: > 10,000 pg/mL

  • Standard dose recovery: 70-130%

  • Intra-assay CV: < 10%

  • Inter-assay CV: < 20%

  • Sample volume: 15 µL/test

Description:

Granzyme B (GZMB) is a serine protease most commonly found in the granules of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs), natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T cells. It is secreted by these cells along with the pore forming protein perforin to mediate apoptosis in target cells. It has been found to be produced by a wide range of non-cytotoxic cells ranging from basophils and mast cells to smooth muscle cells. Granzyme B has shown to be involved in inducing inflammation by stimulating cytokine release and is also involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. Elevated levels of Granzyme B are also implicated in a number of autoimmune diseases, several skin diseases, and type 1 diabetes. Granzyme B release with perforin from CD8 T cells can cause heart and kidney transplant rejection through killing of allogeneic endothelial cells. The destruction of insulin producing β cells in pancreatic islets is mediated by T cells and Granzyme B contributing to Type 1 Diabetes. Granzyme B can also mediate the death of cells after spinal cord injury and is found at elevated levels in rheumatoid arthritis. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease has been attributed to Granzyme B secreted from NK and T cells causing the apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells. Matrix destabilization and remodeling by Granzyme B is also linked to asthma pathogenesis. Diseases associated with GZMB include peripheral T-cell lymphoma and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma.

References:

  1. Afonina IS (2010). "Cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic roles of the CTL/NK protease granzyme B". Immunol. Rev. 235 (1): 105–16. doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2010.00908.x. PMID 20536558.

  2. Rousalova I (2010). "Granzyme B-induced apoptosis in cancer cells and its regulation (review)". Int. J. Oncol. 37 (6): 1361–78. doi:10.3892/ijo_00000788. PMID 21042704.

  3. Kurschus FC (2010). "Delivery and therapeutic potential of human granzyme B". Immunol. Rev. 235 (1): 159–71. doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2010.00894.x. PMID 20536562.

  4. Wowk ME (2004). "Cytotoxic activity of the lymphocyte toxin granzyme B". Microbes Infect. 6 (8): 752–8. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2004.03.008. PMID 15207822.