96 Tests PN: B311179

Components:

45x Ab-conjugated beads (S5P4 - Rat IL-21 Ab-bead). PN: B311179A. One vial containing 100 µL of anti-rat IL-21 conjugated to AimPlex Bead S5P4.

25x Biotin-detection Ab (Rat IL-21 Biotin-dAb). PN: B311179B. One vial containing 100 µL of biotinylated anti-rat IL-21.

Lyophilized Standard Mix - Rat IL-21, PN: B311179S. One vial containing lyophilized IL-21.

Application: Optimal antibody pair and antigen standard for assaying Rat IL-21. To be used in conjunction with the AimPlex Mouse/Rat Basic Kit (PN: P200201) and a diluent kit. Refer to the AimPlex Multiplex Immunoassay User Manual and kit inserts for the assay procedure.

Storage:  2-8 C in the dark.

Important: Sodium azide forms explosive compounds with heavy metals. These products contain <0.05% (w/w) azide which with repeated contact with lead and copper commonly found in plumbing drains may result in the buildup of shock sensitive compounds. Dispose in accordance with regulations from your institute.

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

Assay Specifications:

  • Sample types: Cell culture supernatant, serum, plasma, bodily fluid and tissue/cell lysate

  • Sensitivity (LOD): < 10 pg/mL

  • Quantitation range:

  • LLOQ: < 20 pg/mL

  • ULOQ: > 5,000 pg/mL

  • Standard dose recovery: 70-130%

  • Intra-assay CV: < 10%

  • Inter-assay CV: < 20%

  • Sample volume: 15 µL/test

Description:

Interleukin 21 (Accession NM_001108943.2) is produced by NK and CD4+ cells. It’s role in the Il-10-IL-21-STAT3 pathway has been identified as being integral for CD8+ T cell memory, crucial for long-term immunity. IL-21 operates within the innate and adaptive immune systems and has roles in antiviral and anti-tumor responses for solid tumors. However, it also promotes the development of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases tend to have an overproduction of IL-21, though its involvement in the disease is currently unknown. IL-21 also promotes systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and psoriasis. IL-21 inhibitor therapy trials are underway.

References:

  1. Cui W et al. An Interleukin-21-Interleukin-10-STAT3 Pathway is Critical for Functional Maturation of Memory CD8+ T Cells. Immunity. 2011; 35(5): 792-805. Doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.09.017.

  2. Fina D, et al. Regulation of Gut Inflammation and Th17 Cell Response by Interleukin-21. Gastroenterology. 2008; 134(4): 1038-1048. Doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.01.041. 

  3. Spolski R, Leonard WJ. Interleukin-21: Basic Biology and Implications for Cancer and Autoimmunity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2007; 26: 57-79. Doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090316.

  4. Spolski R, Leonard WJ. Interleukin-21: a double-edged sword with therapeutic potential. Nature. 2014; 13 (379). Doi: 10.1038/nrd4296.